The following syntax summarizes how to use the PIVOT
operator.
SELECT <non-pivoted column>, [first pivoted column] AS <column name>, [second pivoted column] AS <column name>, ... [last pivoted column] AS <column name> FROM (<SELECT query that produces the data>) AS <alias for the source query> PIVOT ( <aggregation function>(<column being aggregated>) FOR [<column that contains the values that will become column headers>] IN ( [first pivoted column], [second pivoted column], ... [last pivoted column]) ) AS <alias for the pivot table> <optional ORDER BY clause>;
Sample Query
-- Pivot table with one row and five columns SELECT 'AverageCost' AS Cost_Sorted_By_Production_Days, [0], [1], [2], [3], [4] FROM (SELECT DaysToManufacture, StandardCost FROM Production.Product) AS SourceTable PIVOT ( AVG(StandardCost) FOR DaysToManufacture IN ([0], [1], [2], [3], [4]) ) AS PivotTable;
Complex PIVOT Example
USE AdventureWorks2014; GO SELECT VendorID, [250] AS Emp1, [251] AS Emp2, [256] AS Emp3, [257] AS Emp4, [260] AS Emp5 FROM (SELECT PurchaseOrderID, EmployeeID, VendorID FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader) p PIVOT ( COUNT (PurchaseOrderID) FOR EmployeeID IN ( [250], [251], [256], [257], [260] ) ) AS pvt ORDER BY pvt.VendorID;
UNPIVOT Example
-- Create the table and insert values as portrayed in the previous example. CREATE TABLE pvt (VendorID INT, Emp1 INT, Emp2 INT, Emp3 INT, Emp4 INT, Emp5 INT); GO INSERT INTO pvt VALUES (1,4,3,5,4,4); INSERT INTO pvt VALUES (2,4,1,5,5,5); INSERT INTO pvt VALUES (3,4,3,5,4,4); INSERT INTO pvt VALUES (4,4,2,5,5,4); INSERT INTO pvt VALUES (5,5,1,5,5,5); GO -- Unpivot the table. SELECT VendorID, Employee, Orders FROM (SELECT VendorID, Emp1, Emp2, Emp3, Emp4, Emp5 FROM pvt) p UNPIVOT (Orders FOR Employee IN (Emp1, Emp2, Emp3, Emp4, Emp5) )AS unpvt; GO